A robust manufacturing sector underpins national prosperity and strength. China has established the worlds most comprehensive and largest manufacturing system. Even so, the structural dilemma of being “large yet not strong” remains the core challenge for China’s manufacturing industry. This book centers on the core theme of the formation mechanism and evolutionary drivers of advanced manufacturing. It starts with a theoretical exploration of the very meaning of “advancement”, and systematically elaborates four core attributes of advanced manufacturing: epochal nature, dynamism, innovativeness and strategic relevance. On this basis, it innovatively develops a Four-Dimension Evaluation Model covering strategic height, growth speed, technological depth and industrial breadth. Guided by the Four-Dimension Model, this book draws on three typical development paths worldwide: frontier technology leadership in the United States, innovative enterprise dominance in Germany, and strategic industry orientation in Japan. It finally puts forward the “414” industrial system for advanced manufacturing. This system takes four major industries as the core, namely advanced equipment manufacturing, new materials, high-end electronic information, as well as biomedicine and high-performance medical devices, covering fourteen segmented fields. The book dissects three major mechanisms governing the formation and evolution of advanced manufacturing. It further constructs a “Three Transformations” driver system. It is hoped that that this book can provide useful references and inspiration for researchers and practitioners engaged in the field of advanced manufacturing, and contribute modestly to China’s transformation from a major manufacturing country to a world manufacturing power.