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METHODS

PBICR-2024: Protocol and data resource profile of a national cross-sectional study on psychological and behavioral health among Chinese residents

Siyuan Fan1 ,  Yimiao Li2 ,  Fangjie Dong3 ,  Wenwen Chen4 ,  Qin Han5 ,  Tingyu Duan6 ,  Shuang Zang7 ,  Xiaoming Zhou8,9 ,  Feng Jiang10,11 ,  Wai-kit Ming12 ,  Xinying Sun13 ,  Yibo Wu14*
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1 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
2 School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
3 School of Journalism and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
4 School of Politics and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
5 College of Health Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
6 School of Journalism and Communication, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
7 Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
8 Department of Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
9 Department of Pharmacy, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
10 School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
11 Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
12 Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
13 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
14 Department of Nursing, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
HPR, 026140006 https://doi.org/10.36922/HPR026140006
Received: 5 April 2026 | Revised: 1 June 2026 | Accepted: 4 June 2026 | Published online: 26 June 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Background: Comprehensive, standardized data on psychological and behavioral health among Chinese residents remain limited, constraining population-level research and the development of evidence-based health promotion strategies.

Objective: The 2024 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents aimed to establish a large-scale, multi-center, nationally representative database to support research on physical and mental health among Chinese residents and inform health policy development.

Methods: This national cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024 using a three-stage stratified sampling strategy across 150 cities and 800 communities/villages in China. Of 38,793 distributed questionnaires, 35,861 valid responses were retained after excluding non-consenting, underage, non-Chinese, and insufficiently completed questionnaires, followed by logical quality checks (response rate: 99.05%; qualification rate: 98.95%). Trained investigators administered standardized questionnaires through face-to-face interviews, covering sociodemographic characteristics, personal health status, family information, social environment, psychological scales, behavioral scales, and attitudes toward topical social issues. Multi-level quality control procedures were implemented throughout data collection.

Results: Data collection has been completed, yielding a nationally representative dataset with multidimensional information on psychological and behavioral characteristics across 150 cities. Detailed descriptions of sampling outcomes, response rates, and data quality metrics are presented in the full protocol.

Conclusion: The 2024 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents provides a comprehensive, high-quality evidence base to inform post-pandemic health promotion strategies and policy development aimed at improving physical and mental health in China and globally.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Data quality control
Data resource
Cross-sectional studies
Health behavior
Mental health
Funding
The PBICR-2024 was supported by the Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health Commission of China (Grant No. NHC-HEPR202401) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities (Project Number: 226-2025-00256).
Conflict of interest
Both Feng Jiang and Yibo Wu serve the Editorial Board of this journal, but were not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. The authors declare no competing interests.
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